According to social learning theory, how do we typically learn social behaviors?

The understanding of social learning theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes that individuals learn social behaviors primarily through observation and imitation of others. This process is foundational because it highlights the role of role models, such as parents, peers, and media figures, in shaping behavior. When a person observes someone else performing a behavior and sees the consequences of that behavior—whether positive or negative—they are likely to imitate it, especially if the observed behavior leads to rewards.

For instance, a child who sees a peer being praised for sharing toys may emulate this behavior in hopes of receiving similar praise. This observational learning is crucial in socialization and is supported by Bandura’s famous "Bobo doll" experiment, where children who observed aggressive behavior toward a doll were more likely to mimic that aggressive behavior.

The other options presented focus on different mechanisms of learning that may not align with the core principles of social learning theory. While rules, direct instruction, and reinforcement do play roles in learning, they do not capture the essence of how social behaviors are typically acquired, according to this theory. Thus, the emphasis on observation and imitation is what makes the chosen answer the most accurate reflection of social learning theory.