What significant factor did the guards in Haney et al.'s experiment receive to help portray their role?

In Haney et al.'s experiment, the significant factor that helped the guards effectively portray their roles was the provision of a uniform and training. The uniform served to establish authority and create a clear visual distinction between the guards and the prisoners, which is crucial in the context of an experiment designed to investigate the effects of perceived power dynamics. This physical representation of their role reinforced their authority and contributed to a shift in their behavior; they began to adopt the social roles associated with being a guard.

Training also played a pivotal role, as it prepared the guards for their duties and instilled in them a sense of responsibility for maintaining order in the simulated prison environment. This combination of a uniform and training not only enhanced their performance in the role but also influenced their interactions with the prisoners, leading to more intense and, at times, sadistic behaviors. By embodying these roles so convincingly, the guards demonstrated the powerful influence of situational factors on behavior, a key theme in the study's findings regarding authority and obedience.